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Many sports teams have names or mascots derived from peoples that are indigenous to the region where the team is also located. There is not total agreement on the definition of indigenous peoples, but there are some criteria used by the United Nations and the International Labour Organization:〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Who Are Indigenous Peoples )〕 *People descended from the pre-colonial/pre-invasion inhabitants of a region. *People that continue to have a distinct language or culture with close ties to the land. *People who suffer economic and political marginalization as a minority group. *People who identify themselves as indigenous. This definition in international law is not identical to the American English dictionary definition of the word indigenous, which is broad enough to include ''native'' and ''born'' as synonyms.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Indigenous: Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary )〕 The additional criteria of a people both colonized or invaded and reduced to a marginalized minority is however part of the current majority understanding of the terms First Nations, Native American and Indigenous peoples of the Americas as referring to the decedents of pre-colonial peoples of the Americas, not everyone born there. There are team names derived from non-indigenous peoples, such as the Boston Celtics, the University of Notre Dame "Fighting Irish" and the Minnesota Vikings (the latter name was selected in reference to the Scandinavian settlers of that region), none of which belong on this list. The Irish and other ethnic groups in America were sometimes subject to marginalization, but not colonization. Colonization of the Celtic peoples in their native lands by the English did occur, but lies outside of the scope of this article. While the history of colonization and marginalization is not unique to the Americas, the practice of deriving sports team names, imagery, and mascots from indigenous peoples is a significant phenomena in the United States and Canada. The rise of indigenous rights movements in these counties has also led to controversy regarding the continuation of practices rooted in colonialism. Such practices maintain the power relationship between the dominant culture and the indigenous culture, and can be seen as a form of cultural imperialism. Such practices are seen as particularly harmful in schools and universities, which have the a stated purpose of promoting ethnic diversity and inclusion. In recognition of the responsibility of higher education to eliminate behaviors that creates a hostile environment for education, in 2005 the NCAA initiated a policy against "hostile and abusive" names and mascots that led to the change of many derived from Native American culture, with the exception of those that established an agreement with particular tribes for the use of their specific names. Other schools retain their names because they were founded for the education of Native Americans, and continue to have a significant number of indigenous students. In other former colonies in Asia, Africa and South America, the adoption of indigenous names for majority indigenous teams is also found. The trend towards the elimination of indigenous names and mascots in local schools has been steady, with two thirds having been eliminated over the past 50 years according to the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Anti-Defamation and Mascots )〕 In a few states with significant Native American populations, change has been mandated by law, such in Wisconsin, Oregon,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=State Board of Education Bans Use of Native American Mascots )〕 and Washington.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=2012 Native American Mascot Resolution )〕 The list below for U.S. High Schools however remains substantial, with over 400 teams currently calling themselves "Indians", over 100 "Braves", 74 "Warriors" using indigenous imagery (there are many with the name but using generic, Greek or Roman mascots), and 56 "Redskins". == Professional teams == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of sports team names and mascots derived from indigenous peoples」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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